520 - 515	Jerusalem ("Second") Temple rebuilt.
333 - 63	Hellenistic (Greek) period.
333 - 331	Alexander the Great conquers Palestine.
63	Rome (Pompey) annexes Palestine.
66 - 73	First Jewish Revolt against Rome.
70	Destruction of Jerusalem and the second Temple.
114 - 117	Jewish Revolts against Rome outside Palestine.
132 - 135	Bar Kokhba rebellion (Second Jewish Revolt).
312 - 313	Emperor Constantine embraces Christianity.
313 - 636	Byzantine Rule.
321	First evidence of Jews along the Rhine. [1]
400	Jewish Palestinian Talmud edited.
400 - 600	Jewish Babylonian Talmud edited.
410	Rome sacked by Visigoths.
576	Forced conversion of Jews in France.
636 - 1099	Arab Rule.
638	Jews permitted to return to Jerusalem under Islam.
711	Muslim armies invade and occupy most of Spain.
912 – 961	Arab Spain under Abd ar-Rahman III becomes center of learning.
950 - 1100	Jews settle in England, France, and Germany.
993	Rabbi Samuel ha-Nagid born in Cordoba.
1009	Muslims destroy Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
1012	Emperor Henry II of Germany expels Jews from Mainz.
1066	William the Conquerer (Norman) takes England.
1066	Jehoseph Ha-Nagid and other Jews in Granada are attacked and murdered.
1085	Islamic Toledo falls to northern Christians.
1085	Yehudah Halevi (Hebrew poet) born in Toledo.
1095 - 1291	Crusades (Christian warfare with Islam in Palestine).
1095	First Crusade. 10,000 Jews massacred in Europe.
1099	Crusaders (European Christians) capture Jerusalem.
1100	Germans, including German Jews, migrate to Poland.
1109	Tiberias falls to the Crusaders.
1135	Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon (the "Rambam") born in Cordoba.
1144	Jews in Norwich, England were accused of the ritual murder.
1181	Philip expels Jews from France.
1187	Saladin (Muslim) recaptures Jerusalem from crusaders.
1189	In London 30 Jews were killed including Rabbi Jacob of Orleans. [2]
1190	Approximately 2,500 Jews live in England.
1204	First mention of a synagogue in Vienna (excavations on Judenplatz).
1211	A group of 300 rabbis from France and England settle in Palestine.
1213	First Jews noted in the town of Basle, Switzerland.
1229	German emperor Frederick II crowns himself king of Jerusalem.
1231	Pope Gregory IX assigns Dominicans responsibility for combating heresy.
1235	Emperor Joseph II orders Jews of Galicia, Austria to adopt family names.
1244	London Jews were accused of ritual murder and fined heavily.
1267	A Church synod, meeting in Vienna, ordered distinctive garb for Jews.
1290 - 1291	King Edward I ordered the expulsion of the 3,000 or so Jews left in England.
1306 - 1394	Expulsions of Jews from France. [3]
1343	Persecuted in W. Europe, Jews are invited to Poland by Casimir the Great.
1347	The Black Death first visits Europe. Jews blamed, and massacred.
1349	700 Jews of Basle, Switzerland burned alive in their houses.
1391	4,000 Jews were killed in Toledo, Spain.
1453	Fall of Constantinople (Istanbul) to Ottoman Muslims.
1474	Marranos of Segovia, Spain were massacred.
1478	Ferdinand and Isabella establish Spanish Inquisition.
1492	Christopher Columbus sails to the Americas. Islamic Granada falls.
1492, 1496	Christian expulsion of Jews from Spain, Portugal.
1493	Jews expelled from Sicily. As many as 137,000 exiled.
1510	Jews are expelled from Colmar, Germany.
1516, 1555	Jewish ghettos instituted (Venice, Rome).
1516 - 1918	Ottoman (Turkish) Empire controls most of the Middle East.
1544	Emperor Charles V confirmed the privileges of Austrian Jews.
1593	The first Jewish settlers arrived in Amsterdam, Holland.
1598	Jews are expelled from Genoa, Italy.
1601	Church authorities burn Hebrew books in Rome.
1614	Jews attacked and driven out of Frankfurt, Germany.
1625	Roman Jews are forbidden by Urban VIII (1623-44) to erect gravestones.
1654	Arrival of Jews in New Amsterdam (New York, America).
1655	Jews readmitted to England by Oliver Cromwell.
1670	Jews expelled from Vienna.
1700 - 1760	Israel Baal Shem Tov (founder of Jewish Hasidism).
1712	First public Jewish synagogue in Berlin.
1730	First American synagogue - Shearith Israel - Built in New York City.
1745	Jews are expelled from Prague.
1750	The worldwide Jewish population is estimated at 1,200,000.
1763	Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island is completed.
1790 - 1791	French Jews given citizenship. [4]
1791	1st Jewish member of U.S. Congress, Israel Jacobs (PA), takes office.
1798	Russia appoints 1st Jewish censor to censor Hebrew books.
1799	Napoleon captured the city of Jaffa.
1801	1st U.S. Jewish governor, David Emanuel, takes office in Georgia.
1830	Greece grants citizenship to Jews.
1840	First German Jews begin arriving in Boston.
1841	The first congregation in South Africa was founded in Cape Town.
1860	Jews can vote in Britain.
1868	Benjamin Disraeli becomes Prime Minister of England.
1870	Ghettos abolished in Italy.
1880	World Jewish population around 7.7 million, 90% in Europe.
1881	Start of mass migrations of eastern European Jews.
1885	Yiddish theater opens in New York with Golldfaden operetta.
1892	Ellis Island becomes reception center for new immigrants.
1896	Theodore Herzl publishes The Jewish State (Zionism).
1897	First Jewish Zionist congress.
1897	First all-Russian census: 5,200,000 of Jews.
1914 - 1918	World War I
1917	Balfour Declaration favors Jewish Palestinian State.
1921	Nahalal - the first moshav was established in the Jezreel Valley.
1924	2,989,000 Jews according to religion poll in Poland (10,5% of total).
1925	Haifa Technion (Israel), opens.
1929	Arab pogroms against Jews in Jerusalem, Hebron, and Safed.
1935	Jewish rights in Germany rescinded by Nuremberg laws.
1930	World Jewry: 15,000,000. USA (4,000,000), Palestine (175,000).
1938	German Jewish synagogues burned down.
1939 - 1945	World War II - Holocaust in Europe.
1941	6,000 Jews exterminated in pogrom in Bucharest, Romania.
1942	The Struma with illegal Jewish immigrants was torpedoed.
1948	Declaration of independence of the State of Israel.